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In order to extract RNA from rotavirus, each swab was suspended in 200 μL of Diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC 1%)-treated water and centrifuged 7 min at 5000 × g. Mex 1 isolate was used (previously identified in our laboratory and which corresponds to CPV2-c genotype). The Rotateq vaccine (Merck, USA), which contains rotavirus serotypes G1P, G2P, G3P and G9P, was used as positive control, and in the case of parvovirus the Edo. Swabs were stored at −80 ☌ until processing. One rectal swab was taken from each dog to be used in PCR testing (parvovirus identification), while a second swab was taken for RT-PCR testing (rotavirus identification). Fifty dogs of different ages, breeds, non-vaccinated dogs with gastroenteritis signs were selected. 3,13 In Mexico, it remains unknown whether rotavirus is circulating amongst canine populations and if it plays a primary role as etiologic agent in gastroenteritis.įrom March through June 2015, we conducted non-probability sampling in dogs attending the small animal veterinary hospital of the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEM, by its acronym in Spanish). 15 Rotavirus infection does not have pathognomonic clinical signs and most dogs can be asymptomatic to infection and occasionally signs can be confused with parvovirus, therefore, laboratory test for differential diagnoses are necessary. The presence of antibodies against rotavirus has been demonstrated in a high percentage of adult dogs (80%). Generally, patients recover within two weeks however, there are reports of fatal severe enteritis in dogs under two weeks old. 10,11Ĭlinical signs of the disease include moderate enteritis, mainly in pups younger than two weeks old, 12,13 and it also causes lethargy, anorexia, fever, diarrhea and vomiting. Human infection for rotavirus of canine origin has been reported. Canine rotavirus is a double-stranded RNA, non-enveloped virus that possesses a segmented genome and that is approximately 60–75 nm in diameter few isolates of rotavirus have been reported in dogs, these have been classified as serotypes G3 and P5A, grouped into group A, rotavirus of this group cause neonatal diarrhea in human and many animal species it has been demonstrated that direct interspecies transmission between heterologous strains are key mechanisms in generating rotavirus strain diversity in new hosts. 9Ī further factor implicated in variability of clinical profiles in parvovirus is association with other gastroenteric viruses such as canine distemper, canine coronavirus and canine rotavirus.Īctually, rotaviruses are classified as distinct members of the family reoviridae, genus rotavirus, comprising five species (A to E) and two tentative species (F and G). 8 On the other hand, the disease can vary depending on the patient actually, CPV-2c can infect both pups and adults. 7Ĭlinical signs of canine parvovirosis include fever, anorexia, lethargy, depression, vomiting, mucoid to hemorrhagic diarrhea and sometimes leukopenia however, some reports show parvovirus in dogs with atypical clinical signs, and the authors suggest that this is likely due to CPV-2 evolution. 6Ĭurrently, there is some controversy over clinical characteristics of disease associated with these three variants however, some authors suggest there are none clinical differences. It is possible that CPV-2c is the predominant variant in numerous countries. In 1980 CPV-2 original strain was replaced by the variant designated type 2a (CPV-2a), in 1984 was identified CPV-2b and in 2001, CPV-2c was detected and reported in Italy. 4,5 Over the past years, CPV-2 has developed new antigenic variants. Diverse reports indicate that is the most diagnosed viral agent in gastroenteritis. 1–3Ĭanine parvovirus (CPV-2) is a member of the Parvoviridae family, belonging to the Protoparvovirus genus and Carnivore Protoparvovirus type 1 species. Infectious gastroenteritis are one of the main causes of dog hospitalization, etiological agents identification is a challenge for veterinarians, given that gastroenteritis etiology is caused by diverse pathogenic agents, mainly co-infections among virus or bacteria.